Patrick Manser

Visionary Researcher on “Exergame as Medicine”

Science thrives on collaboration and critical discussion. If you're curious to learn more about my work, open to engaging with my mission, or interested in building a shared vision, I’d love to hear from you. Please get in touch via email (see above) or through one of the platforms below.

Co-Develop-IT! Unifying Methodological Guideline for the Co-Design, Development, and Evaluation of Individually Tailored Technology-Enhanced Training and Rehabilitation Concepts: Consensus Development Study and Tutorial

Journal article

Patrick Manser, Lotte ES Hardeman, Andreas Wallin, David Moulaee Conradsson, Breiffni Leavy, Franziska Albrecht, Melvyn Roerdink, Jean-Jacques Temprado, Eling D de Bruin, Erika Franzen
J Med Internet Res, vol. 28, 2026 May 22, pp. e84163

DOI: 10.2196/84163

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APA Click to copy
Manser, P., Hardeman, L. E. S., Wallin, A., Moulaee Conradsson, D., Leavy, B., Albrecht, F., … Franzen, E. (2026). Co-Develop-IT! Unifying Methodological Guideline for the Co-Design, Development, and Evaluation of Individually Tailored Technology-Enhanced Training and Rehabilitation Concepts: Consensus Development Study and Tutorial. J Med Internet Res, 28, e84163. https://doi.org/10.2196/84163

Chicago/Turabian Click to copy
Manser, Patrick, Lotte ES Hardeman, Andreas Wallin, David Moulaee Conradsson, Breiffni Leavy, Franziska Albrecht, Melvyn Roerdink, Jean-Jacques Temprado, Eling D de Bruin, and Erika Franzen. “Co-Develop-IT! Unifying Methodological Guideline for the Co-Design, Development, and Evaluation of Individually Tailored Technology-Enhanced Training and Rehabilitation Concepts: Consensus Development Study and Tutorial.” J Med Internet Res 28 (May 22, 2026): e84163.

MLA Click to copy
Manser, Patrick, et al. “Co-Develop-IT! Unifying Methodological Guideline for the Co-Design, Development, and Evaluation of Individually Tailored Technology-Enhanced Training and Rehabilitation Concepts: Consensus Development Study and Tutorial.” J Med Internet Res, vol. 28, May 2026, p. e84163, doi:10.2196/84163.

BibTeX Click to copy

@article{manser2026a,
  title = {Co-Develop-IT! Unifying Methodological Guideline for the Co-Design, Development, and Evaluation of Individually Tailored Technology-Enhanced Training and Rehabilitation Concepts: Consensus Development Study and Tutorial},
  year = {2026},
  month = may,
  day = {22},
  journal = {J Med Internet Res},
  pages = {e84163},
  volume = {28},
  doi = {10.2196/84163},
  author = {Manser, Patrick and Hardeman, Lotte ES and Wallin, Andreas and Moulaee Conradsson, David and Leavy, Breiffni and Albrecht, Franziska and Roerdink, Melvyn and Temprado, Jean-Jacques and de Bruin, Eling D and Franzen, Erika},
  month_numeric = {5}
}

Abstract:

Background: Applying digital health technologies (DHTs) for health promotion and disease prevention is recommended by official bodies such as the World Health Organization. User-centered co-design with systematic patient and public involvement is considered best practice for developing such complex interventions. Although well-established methodological guides and frameworks are available, an important gap is that they are either holistic but generic, offering minimal operational guidance, or context-specific and operational, but focusing only on subphases of establishing DHT-enhanced interventions.

Objective: This paper presents a unifying consensus-based methodological guideline directed toward multidisciplinary expert teams coordinating projects on individually tailored DHTs. It delineates best practices with operational guidance for each step along the full lifecycle of DHT-enhanced training and rehabilitation concepts—from contextualization, through codevelopment, and evaluation to implementation.

Methods: The Co-Develop-IT guideline was cocreated through a structured expert consensus process that integrated, refined, and expanded on well-established existing guides and frameworks to delineate holistic and context-specific, yet flexible enough, best practices. The process consisted of biweekly 90-minute hybrid meetings between August 2024 and February 2025, in combination with written elaboration, feedback, and revisions between meetings to gradually develop a consensus on best practice recommendations.

Results: The Co-Develop-IT guideline consists of 8 iterative phases. It is applicable to any type of end users, exercise types, intended contexts of use (eg, primary health care, community health services, and telemedicine), and overarching goals (eg, health promotion and primary through tertiary disease prevention, including rehabilitation). The Co-Develop-IT guideline introduces 5 distinct preparatory contextual research phases preceding generative codevelopment. These phases are dedicated to the structured establishment of a more robust foundation to better tailor and steer codevelopment efforts toward successful implementation. In 2 application examples, we provide proof of concept that the resulting guideline fulfills its primary purpose of providing comprehensive, context-specific, and operational, yet flexible enough best practice recommendations.

Conclusions: The unifying Co-Develop-IT guideline provides comprehensive best practices with actionable operational guidance for establishing an appropriate balance between scientific theories and frameworks and the real-world needs of interest-holders in the establishment of individually tailored DHT-enhanced training and rehabilitation concepts. Applying Co-Develop-IT contributes to overcoming the lingering evidence-to-practice gap by consistently establishing a shared mission with relevant interest-holders and ensuring that all codevelopment steps are directed toward addressing an unmet need in (clinical) practice—ultimately promoting the practical application and impact of purpose-developed DHTs.